Economic incongruities in the European patent system

Bruno van Pottelsberghe argues that the consequences of the fragmentation of the European patent system are more dramatic than the mere prohibitive costs of maintaining a patent in force in many jurisdictions. The authors first show that heterogeneous national litigation costs, practices and outcome induce a high level of uncertainty. But also that a high degree of managerial complexity results from systemic incongruities due to easier parallel imports, possible time paradoxes and the de facto paradox of having EU-level competition policy and granting authority, ultimately facing national jurisdictional primacy on patent issues.

Economic system dynamics

We provide the reader with a qualitative summary of the main ideas from econophysics and finance theory, starting with a thorough criticism of the standard ideas taught in typical economics textbooks. The emphasis is on the Galilean or physicists' approach to market synamics, as opposed to the standard nonempirical postulatory one.Utility; equilibrium; supply and demand curves; business cycles; market dynamics

Vietnam's Economic History: The Feudalism System

We need a few words on the economic system and structure of the country before the sea change brought about by French colonialists could be fully appreciated in terms of economic performance and social context. Generally speaking, until early Xth century, Vietnam–with many name variants adopted by various feudalist kings–had been most of the time under the Chinese domination, approximately 1053 years

MINNESOTA ENERGY-ECONOMIC INFORMATION SYSTEM

The energy-economic impact forecasting system presented here is a modular approach to both economic modeling and information systems development. A set of eleven modules--market, investment, demand, production, (input-output), employment, value added, labor force, population, household, fiscal, and ecologic--provides the data base and programming routines for simulating the state (or a substate regional) economy. An additional set of government function modules, including energy and environmental management, provides an auxiliary data base and forecasts for state and local government agencies. This series of data modules and related computer programs, locally called SIMLAB, is organized as a readily accessible regional impact simulation system.Community/Rural/Urban Development,

経済体制と経済政策：序論 : 政府は経済体制をつくることができるか

1. 「経済政策の時代」と「経済政策万能主義」　2. 十人十様の経済体制の定義と説明　3.経済体制の性格　4. 経済体制と経済政策の相違と関係　5. 社会主義の非経済体制的性格　6. 経済体制をつくろうとする悲劇

Buddhist Ethics in Economic System

The research was conducted to find out why Buddhist ethics important for the economic system, to know the ethics according to Buddhism and the benefits of Buddhist ethics in the global era of the economic system. The data of the research was collected to identify the texts from the Scriptures of the Tipitaka/Tripitaka related to the main problem. All collected data were analyzed and dissected using the theory included structural, hermeneutic, and paticcasamuppada functionalism. The theories were used to compile the role of the Buddhist ethics in the economic system, the hope was through the role and implementation of the Buddhist ethics in the future will be a living condition for being happy and welfare. Regarding the household (micro) economic system, the Buddhist ethics were used to create a happy and prosperous household life. Thus, the householders were free from poverty with the right livelihood, to use wealth properly, and to develop spiritual virtues. Related to the government/state (macro) economy, the Buddhist ethics play an important role in creating happiness to live together in the nation and state. The Buddhist ethics in the economic system offered a middle way system between capitalism and socialism. The Buddhist ethics contributed greatly related to the development of the economic system. It was very relevant in dealing with the current situation, especially, in human character building, developing tolerance, and service culture, social independence building, building, and work ethic enhancing, building an openness spirit, motivation to do better, as an accommodative step facing of the free competition

State — Region — Branch — Enterprise: System Sustainability Framework of the Russian Economy

This paper investigates sustainability factors of the Russian economy as a multi-level, multi-entity and multi-aspect socio-economic system from the system perspective. The economic system sustainability concept is formulated as an ability to maintain preconditions for the development by supporting and effective using of economic system structure. The leading role of the community of economic entities at different levels (including the state as the entity of international relations, regions as the entities of Federation, enterprises as the business entities) in the economic sustainability is demonstrated. The necessity of the economic entity network “extension” by strengthening the sustainability of economic sectors is emphasized. The research into the internal basic system structure of an economic entity and external structure of its immediate surroundings in socio-economic, administrative-and-managerial and market environments using the results of the new economic systems theory contributes the evidence of the similarity of these structures to the conclusion. It is shown that each of the systems includes (together with an entity itself) four systems of different types (object, environment, process and project). The entity’s system environment has the same structure in administrative-and-managerial interlevel interactions. This makes it possible to combine the problem of the entity’s sustainability and the issue of the balanced system structures forming the economic entities’ internal and external environments. The method of calculating the index of such balanced systems is given. Recommendations on the selection of economic policy measures aimed at ensuring system sustainability of the Russian economy in the period of crisis are provided. It is shown that such a policy should be carried out in accordance with the principles of economic entity protection; balanced system of the economic entities’ internal and external environment; economic entities’ corporate solidarity regardless of their level in the management hierarchy.This article is supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant, project No. 14-18-02294